熬夜整理:高中英语常用80组近义词辨析赶紧收藏打印 举例说明 历史之最的英语( 七 )


⑤rather还可用在alike, like, similar, different等词和“有”前,此时含义是“有点儿”或“稍微”之意 。如:The weather was rather worse than I had expected.这天气比我所预料的要糟糕些 。
43.lively, living与alive
①lively adj. 生动的,活泼的,可作定语或表语 。如:What lively colours!多么鲜艳的颜色啊! she is a lively girl.她是个活泼的姑娘 。
②living adj. 活着的,健在的;n. 谋生,生计 。如:living things生物;make a living谋生;earn one's living谋生度日;That man is still living.那人还健在(在世) 。
③alive adj. 活的,活着的,表语性形容词,一般可与living互换 。若作定语,要放在所修饰的词之后 。如:That man is not dead, he is still alive.(=he is still living.)那人没死,他还活着 。He is the greatest musician alive.他是活着的最伟大的音乐家 。
44.instead of, in place of与take the place of
①instead of是介词短语,意思是“代替”,“而不是”,作介词短语后接名词、动名词和宾格代词;作连词短语后接不定式(一般不省略to),谓语动词、形容词、副词和介词短语等 。如:John will attend the meeting instead of his manager.约翰将代替经理出席这次会议 。You should have some exercise instead of staying indoors all day long.你应多锻炼身体,不要整天呆在家里 。The temperature has risen up instead of fallen down.温度上升了而并没有下降 。This is dull instead of interesting.这不但没趣,反倒枯燥 。
②in place of介词短语“代替”,通常后接名(代)词,可与instead of互换 。如:People often use plastics in place of/instead of wood or metal.人们常用塑料来代替木材和金属 。但instead of sb./sth.可略去介词of及其宾语,而in place of通常不能将其省略 。
③take the place of动词词组,“代替”(职务,工作等),如:Most scientists agree that computers can't completely take the place of humans.大多数科学家认为,计算机并不能完全代替人 。作“代替”解时,不可将the去掉或改换为one's,那样会引起歧义,要注意区分 。
45.pain, ache和hurt
这三个词都和疼痛有关 。ache和pain多作名词,hurt只能作动词 。ache指“(人)身体疼痛”,往往用于持续的疼痛或因一些小病引起的感觉,常指“局部的”疼痛 。back(背)、ear(耳)、head(头)、heart(心)、stomach(胃)、tummy(肚)、tooth等词与ache构成复合词,表示身体部位的疼痛 。
如果指身体其他部分之疼痛则用pain或ache表示,如:a pain /ache inmy foot脚痛 。单数ache可与不定冠词连用,也可以不用不定冠词,如:He has got an ache in his foot.他脚痛 。He has aches on his back.他背上痛 。ache也可作动词,如:I ache all over.我全身疼痛 。My head aches.我头痛 。
pain指“肉体或精神上的痛苦、悲痛”,比ache要严重些,如:She is in great pain.她深为痛苦 。The boy broke his arm and cried with pain.那个男孩摔断手臂,痛得大叫 。pain也可以当及物动词,指“使痛苦”,如:My foot is still paining me.我的脚还在痛 。
aches and pains指“疼痛”,如:I have aches and pains all over.我全身疼痛 。
hurt只作动词,可以指“(使)受伤,(使)疼痛,伤害”,如:He hurt his back when he fell.他跌倒时伤了背部 。He was badly hurt in this traffic accident.在这起交通事故中,他受了重伤 。Did you hurt yourself?你弄伤自己了吗?hurt也可以指“伤害(某人的感情);使伤心”,如:My feelings were hurt when he didn't ask me to the party.他没邀请我参加宴会,我很伤心 。hurt还可以指“受损伤、有害、有不良影响”,如:It won't hurt to wait a bit longer.再等一会儿(对你)没有什么关系 。Some Chinese big companies have seen their business hurtby NATO's air strike on Yugoslavia.一些中国的大公司看到了他们的生意因北约空袭南斯拉夫而受损 。